点击右上角
微信好友
朋友圈
请使用浏览器分享功能进行分享
高原古城闹社火：击鼓奏乐，且耍且歌******
中新网西宁1月31日电 题：高原古城闹社火：击鼓奏乐，且耍且歌
作者潘雨洁
来到中国4年多，土库曼斯坦留学生王东第一次觉得春节如此“刺激好玩儿”：在两个师傅搀扶下，他颤颤巍巍站上70厘米的高跷，小心翼翼地向前迈步。“站在上面(高跷)身体很难保持平衡，但感觉非常有意思。”他说。
一旁，18岁的韩启旺脸涂油彩，正麻利地将双脚用红绸绑在2.8米的高跷上。“凌晨两点就起床化妆，”他说。虽同样是“首秀”，他却选了最高的木跷，从小生活在青海省西宁市城中区总寨镇总南村的他信心十足：“社火年年耍，不用专门学。”
图为西宁市城中区总寨镇的高跷表演。 马铭言 摄“他的扮相是‘杨五郎’，”村民介绍：“今天表演的是《杨门虎将》金沙滩赴宴片段。”据了解，当地高跷队扮演的角色众多，既有孙悟空、白素贞等妇孺皆知的民间形象，亦有一身正气的包拯、保家卫国的杨家将、替父从军的花木兰等英雄人物。
连日来，青海省东部多市县正组织大型社火表演。社火源于民间古老的土地神与火神崇拜，最早自汉代传入青海，及至明清时期，随大规模汉人迁移，在该省东部的黄河上游河湟地区，“正月里闹社火”的规模愈发壮大，至今仍是重要年俗之一。
图为留学生王东体验社火表演。 马铭言 摄正午时分击鼓奏乐，西宁市城中区总寨镇的村民们围拢起来，“龙头老大”带领十人统一踩着鼓点，长龙上下翻腾，或仰头直上，或蜷头曲尾。紧接着，耍狮子、踩高跷、老秧歌、藏舞等表演陆续登场，引得观众连连叫好。村墙、台阶上人头攒动，挤在最前面的孩子手里拿着冰糖葫芦和热气腾腾的卤煮，附近临时支起的小吃摊前也排起队。
“过去，村民们跳秧歌时没有现在的绫罗绸缎，就把自己干活时穿的羊皮短袄翻穿，戴着毡帽、拿着小棍敲敲打打。”总南村村民韩国琦已年过花甲，但儿时赶社火的热闹情形依然记忆犹新。
“老人们喜欢的耍狮子、高跷、旱船等，都是来自南方、中原的传统表演，村里的年轻姑娘们则喜欢穿着鲜艳的藏服跳藏舞。”在韩国琦看来，河湟社火在历史演变中，不断融合各民族、各地区的文化。
14岁的韩晓兰从小喜欢耍枪弄剑，今天，她第一次将练习了三年的招式表演给台下的长辈和同学。
“这些年，村里的社火不仅观看人数多，而且家家户户都会参与，演员年龄小至五六岁，大至七十多岁。”在韩国琦看来，村民们对古老传统的热情有增无减，反而更加受到年轻群体的欢迎。
据悉，当地社火一般在正月初六到初八间拉开帷幕，期间，由几百位村民自发组成的社火队，在大街小巷环绕游走，挨家挨户访问民众、送上祝福；同时组织集中表演，白天夜晚击鼓起舞，且耍且歌，直到正月十六晚结束。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
|
)